NT Allusions to the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

 

4 Maccabees

 

 1.      1.11: All people, even their torturers, marveled at their courage and endurance, and they became the cause of the downfall of tyranny over their nation. By their endurance they conquered the tyrant, and thus their native land was purified through them.

          Jas 1.3: because you know that the testing of your faith produces endurance

 2.      1.26: In the soul it is boastfulness, covetousness, thirst for honor, rivalry, and malice;

          Rom 1.29-31: They were filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, covetousness, malice. Full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, craftiness, they are gossips, slanderers, God-haters, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, rebellious toward parents, foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.

 3.      2.5-6: Thus the law says, "You shall not covet your neighbor's wife or anything that is your neighbor's."  In fact, since the law has told us not to covet, I could prove to you all the more that reason is able to control desires. Just so it is with the emotions that hinder one from justice.

          Rom 7.7: What then should we say? That the law is sin? By no means!  Yet, if it had not been for the law, I would not have known sin. I would not have known what it is to covet if the law had not said, "You shall not covet."

 4.      2.6: In fact, since the law has told us not to covet, I could prove to you all the more that reason is able to control desires. Just so it is with the emotions that hinder one from justice.

          Rom 13.9: The commandments, "You shall not commit adultery; You shall not murder; You shall not steal; You shall not covet"; and any other commandment, are summed up in this word, "Love your neighbor as yourself."

 5.      2.15: It is evident that reason rules even the more violent emotions: lust for power, vainglory, boasting, arrogance, and malice.

          Rom 1.29-31: They were filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, covetousness, malice. Full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, craftiness, they are gossips, slanderers, God-haters, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, rebellious toward parents, foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless.

 6.      3.13-19: Eluding the sentinels at the gates, they went searching throughout the enemy camp and found the spring, and from it boldly brought the king a drink.  But David, though he was burning with thirst, considered it an altogether fearful danger to his soul to drink what was regarded as equivalent to blood.  Therefore, opposing reason to desire, he poured out the drink as an offering to God.  For the temperate mind can conquer the drives of the emotions and quench the flames of frenzied desires; it can overthrow bodily agonies even when they are extreme, and by nobility of reason spurn all domination by the emotions.  

         The present occasion now invites us to a narrative demonstration of temperate reason.

          Lk 6.12: Now during those days he went out to the mountain to pray; and he spent the night in prayer to God.

 7.      4.1-14: Now there was a certain Simon, a political opponent of the noble and good man, Onias, who then held the high priesthood for life. When despite all manner of slander he was unable to injure Onias in the eyes of the nation, he fled the country with the purpose of betraying it.  So he came to Apollonius, governor of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia, and said, "I have come here because I am loyal to the king's government, to report that in the Jerusalem treasuries there are deposited tens of thousands in private funds, which are not the property of the temple but belong to King Seleucus."   When Apollonius learned the details of these things, he praised Simon for his service to the king and went up to Seleucus to inform him of the rich treasure.  On receiving authority to deal with this matter, he proceeded quickly to our country accompanied by the accursed Simon and a very strong military force.  He said that he had come with the king's authority to seize the private funds in the treasury.  The people indignantly protested his words, considering it outrageous that those who had committed deposits to the sacred treasury should be deprived of them, and did all that they could to prevent it.  But, uttering threats, Apollonius went on to the temple.  While the priests together with women and children were imploring God in the temple to shield the holy place that was being treated so contemptuously, and while Apollonius was going up with his armed forces to seize the money, angels on horseback with lightning flashing from their weapons appeared from heaven, instilling in them great fear and trembling.  Then Apollonius fell down half dead in the temple area that was open to all, stretched out his hands toward heaven, and with tears begged the Hebrews to pray for him and propitiate the wrath of the heavenly army.  For he said that he had committed a sin deserving of death, and that if he were spared he would praise the blessedness of the holy place before all people.  Moved by these words, the high priest Onias, although otherwise he had scruples about doing so, prayed for him so that King Seleucus would not suppose that Apollonius had been overcome by human treachery and not by divine justice.  So Apollonius, having been saved beyond all expectations, went away to report to the king what had happened to him.

          Ac 9.1-29:  Meanwhile Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest and asked him for letters to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any who belonged to the Way, men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. Now as he was going along and approaching Damascus, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?" He asked, "Who are you, Lord?" The reply came, "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. But get up and enter the city, and you will be told what you are to do." The men who were traveling with him stood speechless because they heard the voice but saw no one. Saul got up from the ground, and though his eyes were open, he could see nothing; so they led him by the hand and brought him into Damascus. For three days he was without sight, and neither ate nor drank. Now there was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias. The Lord said to him in a vision, "Ananias." He answered, "Here I am, Lord." The Lord said to him, "Get up and go to the street called Straight, and at the house of Judas look for a man of Tarsus named Saul. At this moment he is praying, and he has seen in a vision a man named Ananias come in and lay his hands on him so that he might regain his sight." But Ananias answered, "Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much evil he has done to your saints in Jerusalem; and here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who invoke your name." But the Lord said to him, "Go, for he is an instrument whom I have chosen to bring my name before Gentiles and kings and before the people of Israel; I myself will show him how much he must suffer for the sake of my name." So Ananias went and entered the house. He laid his hands on Saul and said, "Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on your way here, has sent me so that you may regain your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit." And immediately something like scales fell from his eyes, and his sight was restored. Then he got up and was baptized, and after taking some food, he regained his strength. For several days he was with the disciples in Damascus, and immediately he began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, saying, "He is the Son of God." All who heard him were amazed and said, "Is not this the man who made havoc in Jerusalem among those who invoked this name? And has he not come here for the purpose of bringing them bound before the chief priests?" Saul became increasingly more powerful and confounded the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving that Jesus was the Messiah.  After some time had passed, the Jews plotted to kill him, but their plot became known to Saul. They were watching the gates day and night so that they might kill him; but his disciples took him by night and let him down through an opening in the wall, lowering him in a basket. When he had come to Jerusalem, he attempted to join the disciples; and they were all afraid of him, for they did not believe that he was a disciple. But Barnabas took him, brought him to the apostles, and described for them how on the road he had seen the Lord, who had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus. So he went in and out among them in Jerusalem, speaking boldly in the name of the Lord. He spoke and argued with the Hellenists; but they were attempting to kill him.

 8.      5.2: ordered the guards to seize each and every Hebrew and to compel them to eat pork and food sacrificed to idols.

          Ac 15.29: that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled F118 and from fornication.  If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell.

 9.      6.31: Admittedly, then, devout reason is sovereign over the emotions.

          1Tim 3.16: Without any doubt, the mystery of our religion is great: He was revealed in flesh, vindicated in spirit,  seen by angels, proclaimed among Gentiles, believed in throughout the world, taken up in glory.

 10.     7.8: Such should be those who are administrators of the law, shielding it with their own blood and noble sweat in sufferings even to death.

          Rom 15.16: to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles in the priestly service of the gospel of God, so that the offering of the Gentiles may be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.

 11.     7.16: If, therefore, because of piety an aged man despised tortures even to death, most certainly devout reason is governor of the emotions.

          1Tim 3.16: Without any doubt, the mystery of our religion is great: He was revealed in flesh, vindicated in spirit,  seen by angels, proclaimed among Gentiles, believed in throughout the world, taken up in glory.

 12.     7.19: since they believe that they, like our patriarchs Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, do not die to God, but live to God.

          Mt 23.32: "I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob'? He is God not of the dead, but of the living."

          Lk 20.37-38: And the fact that the dead are raised Moses himself showed, in the story about the bush, where he speaks of the Lord as the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.  Now he is God not of the dead, but of the living; for to him all of them are alive."

 13.     9.8: For we, through this severe suffering and endurance, shall have the prize of virtue and shall be with God, on whose account we suffer;

          Jas 5.10: As an example of suffering and patience, beloved, take the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord.

 14.     12.13: As a man, were you not ashamed, you most savage beast, to cut out the tongues of men who have feelings like yours and are made of the same elements as you, and to maltreat and torture them in this way?

          Ac 14.15: "Friends, why are you doing this? We are mortals just like you, and we bring you good news, that you  should turn from these worthless things to the living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all that is in them.

 15.     12.17: and I call on the God of our ancestors to be merciful to our nation

          Ac 24.14: But this I admit to you, that according to the Way, which they call a sect, I worship the God of our ancestors, believing everything laid down according to the law or written in the prophets.

 16.     13.14: Let us not fear him who thinks he is killing us

          Mt 10.28: Do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather fear him who can destroy both soul and body in hell.

 17.     13.15: for great is the struggle of the soul and the danger of eternal torment lying before those who transgress the commandment of God.

          Lk 16.23: In Hades, where he was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side.

 18.     13.17: For if we so die, Abraham and Isaac and Jacob will welcome us, and all the fathers will praise us.

          Mt 8.11: I tell you, many will come from east and west and will eat with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven,

 19.     15.2: Two courses were open to this mother, that of religion, and that of preserving her seven sons for a time, as the tyrant had promised.

          Heb 11.25: choosing rather to share ill-treatment with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin.

 20.     15.7: and because of the many pains she suffered with each of them she had sympathy for them

          Jas 1.4: and let endurance have its full effect, so that you may be mature and complete, lacking in nothing.

 21.     15.8: yet because of the fear of God she disdained the temporary safety of her children

          Heb 11.25: choosing rather to share ill-treatment with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin.

 22.     16.1: If, then, a woman, advanced in years and mother of seven sons, endured seeing her children tortured to death, it must be admitted that devout reason is sovereign over the emotions.

          1Tim 3.16: Without any doubt, the mystery of our religion is great: He was revealed in flesh, vindicated in spirit,  seen by angels, proclaimed among Gentiles, believed in throughout the world, taken up in glory.

 23.     16.12: Yet that holy and God-fearing mother did not wail with such a lament for any of them, nor did she dissuade any of them from dying, nor did she grieve as they were dying.

          1Th 1.8: For the word of the Lord has sounded forth from you not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but in every place your faith in God has become known, so that we have no need to speak about it.

 24.     16.16: My sons, noble is the contest to which you are called to bear witness for the nation. Fight zealously for our ancestral law.

          Heb 12.1: Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight and the sin that clings so closely, and let us run with perseverance the race that is set before us,

 25.     16.25: They knew also that those who die for the sake of God live to God, as do Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the patriarchs.

          Mt 23.32: "I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob'? He is God not of the dead, but of the living."

          Lk 20.37(*-38): And the fact that the dead are raised Moses himself showed, in the story about the bush, where he speaks of the Lord as the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.  Now he is God not of the dead, but of the living; for to him all of them are alive."

 26.     17.4: Take courage, therefore, O holy-minded mother, maintaining firm an enduring hope in God.

          1Th 1.3: remembering before our God and Father your work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ.

 27.     17.10-15: They vindicated their nation, looking to God and enduring torture even to death."  Truly the contest in which they were engaged was divine, for on that day virtue gave the awards and tested them for their endurance. The prize was immortality in endless life.  Eleazar was the first contestant, the mother of the seven sons entered the competition, and the brothers contended.  The tyrant was the antagonist, and the world and the human race were the spectators.  Reverence for God was victor and gave the crown to its own athletes.

          Heb 12.1: Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight and the sin that clings so closely, and let us run with perseverance the race that is set before us,

 28.     17.20: These, then, who have been consecrated for the sake of God, are honored, not only with this honor, but also by the fact that because of them our enemies did not rule over our nation,

          Jn 12.26: Whoever serves me must follow me, and where I am, there will my servant be also. Whoever serves me, the Father will honor.

 29.     18.24: to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.

          Rom 16.27: to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory forever! Amen.

          Gal 1.5: to whom be the glory forever and ever. Amen.